Taekwondo - Korean
Terminology
This is
list of Korean terminology used in the study of TaeKwonDo. You may find that some spellings may
vary from the ones that you are used to seeing.
These
are the following sections. Please click to go to the corresponding section:
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Definition
of TaeKwonDo
"Tae"
means "foot" or "to strike with the feet". "Kwon"
means "hand", or "to strike with the hand". "Do"
means discipline, art, or way. Hence TaeKwonDo (foot-hand-way) means
literally "the art of the feet and the hands" or "the art of
kicking and punching".
Korean
Counting
There
are two different numbering systems that are used by Koreans. The first
numbering system is used when counting and the first ten numbers in this system
are as follows:
|
1 |
hanah |
|
2 |
dool |
|
3 |
set |
|
4 |
net |
|
5 |
dasot |
|
6 |
yasot |
|
7 |
ilgop |
|
8 |
yadol |
|
9 |
ahop |
|
10 |
yol |
The
second numbering system is ordinal (such as "first",
"second", etc ...). For example, this numbering system is used when
describing a person's rank or defining poomsae: a first degree black belt would
be an "il dan". The first ten numbers in this numbering system
are as follows:
|
1st |
il |
|
2nd |
ee |
|
3rd |
sahm |
|
4th |
sah |
|
5th |
oh |
|
6th |
yook |
|
7th |
chil |
|
8th |
pal |
|
9th |
koo |
|
10th |
ship |
When
pronouncing the word "ship", you must not emphasize the "sh"
sound. It sounds more like "sip".
Basic
Body Parts
|
body |
mom |
|
joint |
kwanjeol |
|
face & head |
ulgool |
|
head |
muh ree |
|
eye |
|
|
ear |
gui |
|
nose |
ko |
|
philtrum |
in joong |
|
mouth |
eep |
|
chin |
tuhk |
|
throat |
mokoomeong |
|
neck |
mok |
|
shoulder |
ouka |
|
solar plexus |
myung chi |
|
arm |
pahl |
|
elbow |
pahlkup |
|
forearm |
pahlmahk |
|
inner side of forearm |
ahn pahlmahk |
|
outer side of forearm |
bahkat pahlmahk |
|
palm side of forearm |
meet pahlmahk |
|
back side of forearm |
wi pahlmahk |
|
back of forearm |
deung pahlmahk |
|
wrist |
sahnmahk |
|
hand |
sahn |
|
outside edge of hand (knifehand) |
sahnkal |
|
inside edge of hand (ridgehand) |
sahnkal deung |
|
back hand |
sahn deung |
|
fist |
joomok |
|
finger |
sahnkahrak |
|
fingertip |
sahnkeut |
|
trunk (middle section) |
momtong |
|
waist |
huri |
|
lower body (low section) |
ahrae |
|
groin |
noolro |
|
leg |
dahree |
|
knee |
mooreup |
|
shin |
ahp jung kang yi |
|
ankle |
bahl mahk |
|
foot (or feet) |
bahl |
|
instep |
bahldung |
|
arch of foot |
bahlbong oh ri |
|
outside edge of foot |
bahl nahl |
|
inside edge of foot |
an bahl nahl |
|
sole of foot |
bahl badak |
|
ball of foot |
ahp chook |
|
heel |
dwi koomchi |
|
bottom of heel |
dwi chook |
|
toes |
bahlkeut |
Tenets
of TaeKwonDo
|
Etiquette |
ye jol |
|
Modesty |
yom chi |
|
perseverance |
in nae |
|
self-control |
kuk gi (also "jah jeh") |
|
indomitable spirit |
Baekjool (also "boolgool eui jung shin") |
Body
Movements
|
movement of the body |
mom omgigi |
|
block |
mahki |
|
kick |
chagi |
|
thrust (or punch) |
chirugi |
|
strike (with the hand) |
chigi |
|
strike (with the foot) |
jeek gi |
|
strike (with the head) |
bahk gi |
|
hand technique |
sahn ki sool |
|
foot technique |
bahl ki sool |
|
sparring |
kyorugi |
|
twisting |
bituro |
|
stepping (also "omkyuh didigi") |
gamya |
|
walking |
kuht neun |
|
moving in a particular direction (e.g. "ahp uro gamya"
- stepping forward) |
uro |
|
changing direction |
bang hyang bakoogi |
|
escaping |
bitkyuh surgi |
|
jumping |
tdwim yu |
|
to turn |
dora |
|
spinning |
dolmyo |
|
sliding (also "mee kul gi") |
mee keul myu |
|
holding/grabbing |
jupgi |
|
throwing |
donzigi |
|
rolling/tumbling |
goorugi |
|
dodging |
pyihagi |
|
spreading |
hecho |
|
gathering |
moyo |
|
covering |
bojoo |
Directions
|
right (also "oh-ruen") |
oo |
|
left (also "wen") |
joa |
|
front |
ahp |
|
inner |
ahn |
|
outer |
bahkat |
|
reverse |
bahndae |
|
back |
dwi |
|
inward |
ahnuro |
|
outward |
bahkuro |
|
high (up) |
whee |
|
upward |
whee uro |
|
middle |
guande |
|
high section (also "sahngdahn") |
ulgool |
|
middle section (also "chungdahn") |
momtong |
|
low section (also "hahdahn") |
ahrae |
Rank
|
rank |
kagup |
|
grade |
gup |
|
degree |
dan |
|
grading (or promotional) test |
simsa |
|
examiner |
simsa kwan |
|
system of rank |
dan gup jedo |
Hand
Positions
|
knifehand |
sahnkal |
|
knifehand with palm up |
sahnkal jecho |
|
ridgehand (also "oppun
sahnkal") |
sahnkal deung |
|
palm heel (also "bahtong
sahn") |
sahn bahtong |
|
back hand (also "deung
sahn") |
sahn deung |
|
arc hand |
ah keum sahn |
|
ripping (or raking) hand |
galkwi sahn |
|
pincers hand |
jipke sahn |
|
fist |
joomok |
|
back fist |
deung joomuk |
|
side fist |
yup joomuk |
|
hammer-fist |
me joomuk |
|
forefinger one-knuckle fist |
inju joomuk |
|
middle-finger one-knuckle fist |
bamchu joomuk |
|
two-knuckle fist |
doo bam joomuk |
|
flat (or open) fist |
pyun joomuk |
|
thumb-knuckle fist |
omji joomuk |
|
spearhand (also "pyun
sahnkeut") |
kwan soo |
|
spearfinger |
sahnkeut |
|
scissors-shaped spearfingers |
gawi sahnkeut |
Hand Attacks
|
straight (return) punch |
bahro chirugi |
|
reverse punch |
bahndae chirugi |
|
hook punch |
gullgi chirugi |
|
combination (consecutive) punch |
yung seuk chirugi |
|
double punch |
doo bun chirugi |
|
triple punch |
sae bun chirugi |
|
spearfinger thrust |
sahnkeut chirugi |
|
vertical punch |
sewo chirugi |
|
vertical fist punch |
gotjang chirugi |
|
round punch |
dolrya chirugi |
|
upset punch |
dwijubo chirugi |
|
spring punch |
soteum chirugi |
|
downward punch |
nehryuh chirugi |
|
uppercut punch |
chi chirugi |
|
upper punch (also "jae chin chirugi") |
jae chuh chirugi |
|
doublefist punch |
doo joomuk chirugi |
|
`U' (or `C') shaped punch (hi-lo) |
dikootja chirugi |
|
double uppercut punch |
sosum chirugi |
|
diamond-shaped punch |
keumgang chirugi |
|
wing-shaped punch |
nalgeh chirugi |
Blocks
|
outer forearm block |
bahkat palmahk mahki |
|
inner forearm block |
ahn palmahk mahki |
|
twin forearm block |
sahng palmahk mahki |
|
inward block |
ahnuro mahki |
|
outward block |
bahkuro mahki |
|
low block |
ahrae mahki |
|
rising block |
cho kyo mahki |
|
guarding block |
daebi mahki |
|
twisting block |
bituro mahki |
|
scissors block |
gahwi mahki |
|
diamond-shaped (Hercules) block |
keumgang mahki |
|
`9'-shaped block (cross block) |
gutjha mahki |
|
`X'-shaped block (also "kyo cha mahki") |
yeot pero mahki |
|
mountain-shaped block (also "osanteul mahki") |
santeul mahki |
|
part mountain-shaped block |
weh santeul mahki |
|
cross block (also "utgiruh mahki") |
utgallruyuh mahki |
|
scattered block (or wedge block) |
hechuh mahki |
|
ox (or "bull") block |
hwang so mahki |
|
pressing down block |
bahtangsahn nooluh mahki |
|
upward scooping fist block |
deuluh oll ryu mahki |
Kicks
|
stretching kick |
cha olligi |
|
thrusting kick |
jillo chagi |
|
front kick |
ahp chagi |
|
side kick |
yup chagi |
|
round (roundhouse) kick |
dolrya chagi |
|
back kick |
dwi chagi |
|
reverse round kick ("hook kick" for some styles) |
bahndae dolrya chagi |
|
back round kick ("hook kick" for some styles) |
dwi dolrya chagi |
|
hook kick (also "golcho chagi" or "golro
chagi") |
gullgi chagi |
|
crescent kick (literally "half moon kick") |
bahndall chagi |
|
wheel kick |
hoohrio chagi |
|
slant (or instep) kick |
beet chagi |
|
half round kick (also "instep kick") |
bahn dolrya chagi |
|
slap kick |
beakya chagi |
|
ax kick; literally "downward foot strike" |
nehryuh jeek gi |
|
swing kick |
hwe jun chagi |
|
pushing kick (also "mil gi chagi") |
mil a chagi |
|
pickax kick |
gokwang i chagi |
|
target kick |
pyojuk chagi |
|
spinning kick |
dolmyo chagi |
|
jumping kick |
tdwim yah chagi |
|
combination (consecutive) kick |
yung seuk chagi |
|
sliding kick (also "mikulgi chagi") |
meekulmyu chagi |
|
rolling kick |
goollruh chagi |
|
hopping kick |
natgeh tdwim yu chagi |
|
flying kick (also "goong jung chagi") |
nalla chagi |
|
scissors kick |
gahwi chagi |
|
linear kick |
illja chagi |
|
holding (grasp) kick |
japgo chagi |
|
falling kick (leg sweep) |
ohpo chagi |
|
stooping kick |
nachu oh chagi |
Stances
|
stance |
sohgi |
|
posture (or stance) [used instead of "sohgi" in
some styles] |
jah seh |
|
sitting stance |
ahnjun sohgi |
|
front stance |
ahp sohgi |
|
front bent knee stance (also just "ahp koo bi") |
ahp koo bi sohgi |
|
back stance |
dwi sohgi |
|
back bent knee stance (also just "dwi koo bi") |
dwi koo bi sohgi |
|
cat (or tiger) stance (also "goyang-i sohgi") |
beom sohgi |
|
walking stance |
kuht neun sohgi |
|
horseback riding stance ("kima sohgi" in some
styles) |
juchoom sohgi |
|
fighting stance |
mot sohgi |
|
sparring stance |
kyorugi sohgi |
|
ready stance (also "pyeonhi sohgi") |
choon bi sohgi |
|
basic stance |
gibon sohgi |
|
middle stance |
guande sohgi |
|
parallel stance |
naranhee sohgi |
|
`L'-stance |
niun ja sohgi |
|
fixed (lower-back) stance |
gojang sohgi |
|
diagonal stance |
sa sun sohgi |
|
fixed balance (or bent knee) stance |
gyuttari sohgi |
|
crossed foot stance |
koh ah sohgi |
|
`X'-stance |
kyo cha sohgi |
|
close stance |
mo ah sohgi |
|
neutral stance |
joong-rib sohgi |
|
dynamic stance |
dong yuk sohgi |
|
natural stance |
cha yun sohgi |
|
kicking stance |
chagi sohgi |
|
crane stance (also "ue bal sohgi") |
hahktari sohgi |
Sparring
|
(free) sparring |
kyorugi |
|
one step sparring |
han bun kyorugi |
|
two step sparring |
doo bun kyorugi |
|
three step sparring |
sae bun kyorugi |
|
semi free sparring |
bahn ja yu kyorugi |
|
arranged free sparring |
machu oh kyorugi |
|
round (competition segment) |
jeon |
|
bout or match |
shihap |
|
point |
jeum |
|
time out |
shi gan |
|
out of bounds |
keum bahk |
|
warning |
kyong go |
|
deduction of point |
gam jeum |
|
disqualification |
shil kyuk |
|
injury |
boo sang |
|
win |
seung |
|
tie |
bi kim |
|
blue |
chung |
|
red |
hong |
|
white |
hin |
|
use of footwork to dodge a technique |
jajun bahl |
|
body evasion by "ducking" |
nachugi |
Forms
|
form (pronounced "poom-say"), also "hyung" |
poomse |
|
patterns |
tul |
|
similar to a page or a chapter |
jang |
|
combination |
yung seuk |
|
four direction |
sa bang hyang |
Uniform
|
belt |
dhee |
|
uniform |
dobok |
|
training pants |
ha'i |
Equipment
|
chest protector (also "bohogoo") |
hogoo |
|
protective gloves |
sahn boho jang kap |
|
forearm guard |
pahlmahk bohodae |
|
shin guard |
jung kang yi bohodae |
|
groin cup |
nang shim bohodae |
|
protective head gear |
muh ree bohodae |
|
mouth guard |
eep bohodae |
Commands
|
attention |
cha ryuht |
|
ready |
choon bi |
|
return to starting position |
bah ro |
|
about face |
dwi uro dorah |
|
turn |
dorah |
|
stand |
elosoh |
|
stop (also "mum cho") |
gomahn |
|
face the flag |
geuk gi hyang ha yoh |
|
face each other |
jwa woo hyang woo |
|
face instructor/master |
sah bum nim keh |
|
face senior student |
sun bae nim keh |
|
face examiner/tester |
simsa kwan nim keh |
|
fix your uniform |
dobok dahnjung |
|
fix your belt |
dhee dahnjung |
|
class dismissed (also "hae cho") |
hai sahn |
|
line up (also "ji hap" and "jung yul") |
jonglee |
|
bow |
kyung nae |
|
sit |
ahnjoe |
|
kneel (kneeling) |
kool o angi |
|
sit in lotus position (yoga posture) |
bah ro angi |
|
switch your stance (switch your feet) |
bahl bah kwah |
|
in your own time |
koo ryung op see |
|
begin |
seijak |
|
relax |
shiuh |
|
break (or stop) |
kalyeo |
|
continue |
kae sok |
Common
Phrases
|
yes |
ye (also "ne") |
|
no |
anio |
|
thank you |
kahm sa hamnida |
|
less formal form of "thank you" |
komap sumnida |
|
you're welcome |
cheon maeneyo |
|
congratulations! |
cheuk ka hamnida |
|
How are you? ("Are you well?" or "Are you at
peace?") |
ahnyong hasimnika |
|
good-bye (to the
person who is leaving) "Go in peace!" |
ahnyonghee gasipsiyo |
|
good-bye (to the
person who is staying) "Stay in peace!" |
ahnyonghee gyesipsiyo |
|
Pleased to meet you! |
pangap seumnida |
|
See you later! |
toh poepkeseoyo |
|
Welcome! |
eoseo osayo |
|
I'm sorry |
choesong hamnida |
|
Excuse me! (asking forgiveness for an impolite act) |
shillye hamnida |
|
That's all right |
kwaen chanayo |
|
I understand |
ahlge seoyo |
|
I don't understand |
moreuge seoyo |
|
It is fun (or interesting) |
chaemi isseoyo |
Titles
|
founder (of the art) |
do joo nim |
|
grandmaster |
kwan jang nim |
|
chief instructor (or "chief master") |
chung sah nim |
|
Instructor or "teaching father" |
sah boo nim |
|
teacher |
kyo sah nim (also "seon saeng nim") |
|
senior student |
sun bae nim |
|
junior student |
hu bae nim |
|
student |
hak saeng |
|
trainee |
suryun saeng |
|
pupil |
jeja |
|
referee |
joo sim |
|
judge |
bu sim |
Miscellaneous
|
place where one trains (house of discipline) |
dojang |
|
offense |
gong-kyok |
|
self-defense |
hosinsool |
|
meditation |
mukyum |
|
yell |
kihap |
|
execution (action) of the body and its techniques |
heng dong |
|
breathing |
ho hyoop |
|
breathing control (deep breathing) |
shim ho hyoop |
|
force or power |
himm |
|
focus (focal point) of your energy |
chojum |
|
breaking (the art of breaking boards, bricks, and tiles) |
kyuk pa |
|
demonstration (or exhibition) |
shibum |
|
stretching |
pyugi |
|
respect |
jon gyung |
|
loyalty |
choong sung (also "eui ri") |
|
honesty |
jung jhik |
|
family |
kahjok |